FAQ

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FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

You can find answers to your questions here.

What is infertility, and how common is it throughout the world?

Infertility is the inability to conceive after 12 months (or six months for women over 35) of regular, unprotected intercourse. It affects millions of people worldwide, with approximately 10-15% of couples experiencing difficulties conceiving. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that around 48 million couples and 186 million individuals globally suffer from infertility. Both male and female factors contribute to infertility, and in some cases, the cause remains unexplained.

What causes infertility?

Infertility can be caused by various medical, genetic, and lifestyle factors. Some common causes include: • Female Factors: o Ovulation disorders (e.g., polycystic ovary syndrome, premature ovarian failure) o Blocked fallopian tubes due to infections, endometriosis, or past surgeries o Uterine abnormalities, including fibroids and polyps o Age-related decline in egg quality and quantity o Hormonal imbalances affecting egg production • Male Factors: o Low sperm count, poor sperm motility, or abnormal sperm shape o Hormonal imbalances affecting sperm production o Varicocele (enlarged veins in the scrotum) o Genetic disorders such as Klinefelter syndrome o Exposure to toxins, smoking, alcohol, or excessive heat (saunas, tight clothing) • Unexplained Infertility: In some cases, despite extensive testing, no clear cause is found.

When should one get treatment and get evaluated for infertility?

It is recommended to seek medical evaluation if: • You are under 35 and have been trying to conceive for a year without success. • You are over 35 and have been trying for six months. • You have irregular or absent periods. • You have a history of pelvic infections, endometriosis, or previous surgeries affecting fertility. • Your male partner has a known sperm issue or reproductive disorder.

What are my chances of getting pregnant with the most common treatments?

Success rates depend on the cause of infertility, the treatment chosen, and individual health factors. Approximate success rates include: • Ovulation Induction (medications like Clomid or Letrozole): 20-25% per cycle • Intrauterine Insemination (IUI): 10-20% per cycle • In Vitro Fertilization (IVF): 40-50% for women under 35, decreasing with age • Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI): Similar to IVF, often used for male infertility

What can we do to increase our chance of becoming pregnant?

To improve fertility naturally: • Maintain a healthy weight (BMI between 18.5 and 24.9). • Eat a balanced diet rich in antioxidants, folic acid, and omega-3 fatty acids. • Exercise moderately but avoid excessive high-intensity workouts. • Reduce stress through yoga, acupuncture, or meditation. • Avoid smoking, alcohol, and recreational drugs. • Track ovulation using apps, basal body temperature, or ovulation predictor kits. • For men, avoid excessive heat exposure (hot tubs, laptops on lap) and wear loose-fitting underwear.

What is the average length of a fertility treatment cycle?

• Ovulation Induction or IUI: 4-6 weeks • IVF (from ovarian stimulation to embryo transfer): About 4-6 weeks • Egg retrieval to embryo transfer (if fresh transfer is used): 5-7 days • Frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycle: About 4 weeks

When should one start treatment for in vitro fertilisation (IVF)?

Start IVF after a thorough fertility evaluation and discussion with a specialist. It is recommended for: • Women with blocked fallopian tubes or severe endometriosis. • Couples with unexplained infertility. • Women over 35 struggling to conceive naturally. • Men with severe sperm abnormalities.

Why do I need to use medication before IVF treatment?

Medications stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs, increasing the chances of obtaining viable embryos. They also regulate hormone levels, prevent premature ovulation, and support embryo implantation.

What is the age limit for IVF treatment?

While there is no universal age limit, most clinics recommend IVF before age 45 with own eggs and up to 50 with donor eggs. Success rates decline with age due to decreased egg quality.

Which tests will you require for IVF treatment?

• Blood tests for hormone levels (AMH, FSH, LH, Estradiol, TSH) • Ultrasound to check ovarian reserve and uterus condition • Semen analysis for male partners • Genetic testing (if needed)

We live abroad. Can we have our tests and exams done in our local clinic?

Yes, many international patients get preliminary tests done locally and share results with their IVF clinic.

For an IVF, what does day 1 of the menstrual cycle imply?

Day 1 is the first day of full menstrual bleeding, marking the start of the IVF process.

Is it okay to have intercourse during IVF?

Intercourse is usually allowed before ovarian stimulation but should be avoided after egg retrieval due to discomfort and risk of infection.

Is it safe to fly during IVF stimulation?

Yes, but avoid excessive stress and dehydration.

Can I fly/travel after the embryo transfer, before knowing my pregnancy status?

Yes, but avoid long-haul flights immediately after transfer to reduce stress.

Will IVF boost my chances of conceiving twins or triplets significantly?

Yes, especially if multiple embryos are transferred. Single embryo transfer is recommended to reduce risks.

How long should I wait after a failed IVF treatment cycle before trying again?

A waiting period of 1-2 menstrual cycles is recommended.

How many times can one try IVF?

There is no strict limit, but after 3-4 failed cycles, doctors may suggest alternative treatments.

Why is IVF an expensive procedure?

IVF involves multiple steps, including lab procedures, medications, and doctor consultations, making it resource-intensive.

What happens during egg retrieval, and how long does it take?

Egg retrieval is a minor surgical procedure where eggs are collected from the ovaries using a needle under sedation. It takes about 20-30 minutes.

What kind of activity restrictions do I have while I'm undergoing treatment?

Avoid heavy lifting, intense exercise, and stress

Is a full bladder considered necessary for embryo transfer?

Yes, a full bladder helps improve visibility during ultrasound-guided transfer.

How long does the transfer of embryos take?

It usually takes 10-15 minutes.

Can I go to the toilet after my embryo transfer?

Yes, but wait at least 10-15 minutes.

How long should I rest after the embryo transfer procedure?

Most clinics recommend resting for 15-30 minutes before resuming normal activities.

When can I bathe after the embryo transfer?

Wait at least 48 hours before taking a bath.

How soon after embryo transfer can we have sexual intercourse?

It is usually advised to wait until the pregnancy test confirms the outcome.

How long will I need to be in Cyprus for?

Typically, 10-20 days, depending on treatment.

Where will we stay while in Cyprus?

Many clinics assist with accommodation arrangements

Do you arrange the flights for patients?

Most clinics do not arrange flights, but they provide travel recommendations.

Do I need to spend the entire duration of my treatment in Cyprus?

Not necessarily; some monitoring can be done locally before arriving.